Gender stereotypes about women and men: popular examples

Gender stereotypes are certain general ideas about the role of each gender in society. Gender roles are generally neither positive nor negative, but simply generalize roughly masculine and feminine qualities. Since each person has individual characteristics, thoughts and feelings, these stereotypes may not be true in some specific situations. In addition, some aspects of them periodically become outdated as society develops and prevailing ideas about what representatives of different sexes can and cannot do change.

While most people understand that stereotypes are not always true, they often make assumptions based on gender anyway. There are many stereotypes, for example that women are in a hurry to get married, and men love sports. Ideas about gender roles are imposed on us through the media and magazines, in advertising

In this article we will look at the most common clichés about the social roles of the sexes. Below are examples of some of the most traditional gender stereotypes that apply to men and women today.

National stereotypes

A great example is national stereotypes. Psychologists have long been studying the reasons why ethnic stereotypes are formed. There are quite a lot of them and not all of them are harmless:

All Chinese and Germans are desperate workaholics
All Russians wear earflaps, constantly play the balalaika and drink vodka.
People from Central Asia are illiterate and ready to work for food
All Americans are huge smiling airships dreaming of taking over the universe.
All the English are arrogant snobs
All Italians are sanguine
All the French are gallant D'Artagnans

For people of a conservative mindset, especially those whose ideas about life have long been formed - all those who are outside the stable model of the ideological system are incomprehensible and alien. Even worse, the ideal ground for conflict is migration processes in society. Strangers, and even on their own territory - this visibly irritates many people. Thus, these individuals have only two ways to build relationships with strangers: either recognize them as equal, or even superior competitors in capabilities, or in every possible way discriminate against the irritating object on a distinctive and necessarily unusual basis for the discriminator. Accordingly, stereotypes and discrimination quite often accompany each other.

To be completely honest, such a time bomb is ticking in the mental structure of almost every adult individual. And that's okay! Of course, if a person knows how to reach an internal agreement and interact with his fears in a behavioral manner acceptable from the point of view of modern ethics. Flexibility of mind is not an innate property, but can be easily acquired if there is desire and motivation.

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Stereotypes of behavior and psychosomatics.
Stereotypes of behavior and psychosomatics.

Psychosomatics is a person’s ability to respond to mental stimuli with body reactions. A hyper-current experience is recorded, forms a stable dominant, goes into long-term memory as a memory of emotions, and develops a scheme of human perception, behavior and thinking. Schemes (stereotypes) introduce a person into the same type of relationships, reactions, and scenarios.

The prevalence of psychosomatic pathology is very high. According to various sources, 60-80% of all diseases are psychosomatic. It is enough to point out that from 30 to 50% of patients in somatic clinics only need correction of their psychological state.

A response stereotype is needed to solve similar problems and to react quickly in times of danger. Transferring a principle to the psyche—building a stereotype—deprives a person of objectivity.

The vicious circle opens only when working with long-term (emotional) memory. Habit (physiological aspect): the formation in the brain structures of stable nerve connections, characterized by an increased readiness for functioning. I. Pavlov called the system of such neural connections (which serve as the basis for a person’s emotional response and behavior) dynamic stereotypes.

Stereotypes (patterns) of thinking were formed as a way of escaping from experiences, suppressing emotions, and a survival mechanism during stress. Then this mechanism began to dictate: how to think, how to perceive, how to behave.

The way out of the mechanism is to search for the “trigger”, the beginning of the chain, the hidden (suppressed) emotion, accept the situation and send it to the “archive”.

Response stereotype	Feeling
Desire to argue	Wounded pride
Desire to make excuses	Guilt
Vindictiveness	Resentment
Reaction to “bad-good”	Avoidance of responsibility
Victory is joyful excitement, Defeat is despondency	Desire for approval
Bosses, authorities - ingratiation, servility	Avoidance of responsibility
“We believe in you, we rely on you” - “I must justify the trust and hopes of management”	The desire to “be good” (from childhood)
Coercion and restriction of freedom - anger, irritation, confrontation	Fear, aggression as defense, internal weakness
Unknown - apprehension (fear, worry, concern, nervousness)	Reluctance to accept responsibility
Exchange rule (“I must give something in return”)	Reluctance to be bad (from childhood)
Social proof (“it’s accepted”; accepted reaction; “I do like everyone else”, react like everyone else (general schemes, for example))	Loss of individuality (from childhood; fear of being “not like everyone else,” ignorance of the rules of behavior, failure to achieve results due to ignorance of the rules)
Commitment and consistency (I have to do this because I promised so..)	Logic - maturity - respect
Group responsibility (responsibility for the final result in a group is lower than with individual responsibility)	Fear of responsibility
Question answer	Lies, unwillingness to tell the truth

Negative installation scheme	Defensive strategy	Exit from the circuit
Separation and loneliness (fear of loneliness, feelings of isolation, need for attention)	Jealousy, demand for attention, reassurance of love and attention, search for friends and loved ones	Track how your need for intimacy affects your behavior with loved ones.
Defectiveness (inferiority complex, the result of lack of care, warmth, guardianship, love).	Aggression, anger, resentment, increased attentiveness to others.The Loser Principle. Those suffering from this pattern demand increased attention from others or, on the contrary, show care to the point of self-denial.	Track how your need for increased attention creates distance between you and other people; how it affects relationships.
Submission, control (suppressed resentment, despair, rage). The result of being raised by a powerful, controlling matter. In childhood, a child has an “eternally gloomy face”, a dissatisfied tone, withdrawal into himself (as an attempt to escape from control) - as protection from guardianship.	Failure to fulfill obligations, breaking promises (being late), or vice versa, complete subordination, weak character, lethargy, loss of individuality, lack of one’s own opinion.	Reveal resentment towards parents, track negative emotions (anger, feeling of being used, despair, etc.). Identify your own desires and needs.
Mistrust (as a result of physical, emotional or sexual abuse of a child)	Distrust of people, anger, rage. Those suffering from this pattern of mistrust are confident that they can only be communicated with for ulterior motives when something is needed from them.	Track the pattern of mistrust that distorts perception, thoughts that they are plotting something against you. Learn to distinguish situations when you are actually being used from those that are imagined.
It is impossible to love me (inferiority complex, exaggerated sense of one’s own shortcomings, shame, humiliation). Usually after the parents' divorce.	People are unable to get close to anyone; they are afraid to discover their inferiority. Increased idealization of a partner’s qualities, search for an ideal, increased demands on people; erecting barricades in relationships. Relationships are “unrequited, unrequited love.” The pursuit of excellence. Protection through overeating, excess weight. Worry about plans not being fulfilled. Eternal planning and the desire to follow plans.	Monitor the inclusion of thoughts about your shortcomings, demandingness, idealization, etc. Highlight the principle of overestimation, the fear of losing control over the development of events. Allow the world to show you multiple paths.
Exceptionalism (spoiled, one child in the family, many gifts, a child prodigy, or vice versa – bitterness for a flawed childhood)	A feeling of irritation if a person is limited or denied something. Chaos due to following impulses. They do not notice the negative attitude towards themselves or, on the contrary, become irritated by this lack of acceptance of their own desires. Life “at someone else’s expense”, gigolos, kept women, theft from loved ones.	Highlight moments in life when such behavior led to collapse: court, divorce, job loss, etc. Track the thoughts that trigger the scheme and learn to stop them, stop the life-destroying mechanism.
Vulnerability and defenselessness (fear of losing one of your close relatives, fear of death).	Unreasonable fear of life, expectation of disaster, attempt to control events around oneself; eternal reinsurance. Or – engaging in dangerous sports.	Highlight fear, see limitations, allow life to be, learn to relax and accept life's lessons.

Relationship between patterns of negative thinking (perception, behavior) and somatic reactions.

An emotional reaction activates stress hormones, preparing a person for an extreme situation (“run”, “freeze”, “attack”). The second type of stress hormones (cortisol) allows you to keep your attention vigilant, undying, relevant, until your consciousness gives the command to hang up. At this moment, consciousness is not capable of searching for new options; it includes “working patterns” of response. The part of the brain (ipocampus) responsible for the adequacy of the reaction is switched off.

Ways to work with negative thinking patterns:

pay attention to the inadequacy of emotional reactions, recognize the presence of a pattern.
Identify the feelings that manifest themselves when the negative thinking pattern is activated.
Identify thoughts (truthful thoughts about what is happening, “back thoughts”).
Focus on your impulses to action. Identify the presence of similar life events.
Break the habit, do something OPPOSITE.

Thoughts have no power over us, we ourselves obey them, “we think them ourselves.”

We ourselves can choose what to think.

We choose how we feel.

Every feeling has positive potential. We need to let him open up.

Energy of anger	aggression, hostility, causticism, anger	acuity of intellect, insight, multilateral perception, clarity of judgment, clear sense of the surrounding world
Energy of pride	Narcissism, egocentrism, selfishness, desire to earn admiration	Impartiality, openness, generosity on all planes
Energy of Passion	Coquetry, sexual seduction, passions in love	Legibility, attentiveness, subtle interest
Energy of jealousy and envy	Constant comparisons of oneself with others, fear of falling behind others in something, condescension towards others, self-confidence (“my opinion is the right one”)	Competence, ability to bring everything to perfection.
Energy of apathy	Slowness, indifference, laziness, sadness	Inner clarity, the ability for deep reflection, contemplation, lightness, openness, wisdom.

The first way: detachment from painful emotions, getting rid of them.

The second way: transforming negative emotions and energies into positive ones.

The third way is to accept them on the spiritual plane and allow them to teach you, keeping your consciousness crystal clear.

Not to experience them, but to learn from them, to free them.

Overcome attachments and aversions, give yourself mental liberation

Negative emotions, depressed feelings	Psychosomatic disorders, disease, organ dysfunction
Humiliation. Victim. The feeling of a distorted life. A failed personality. Feeling attacked by life. "They're trying to get to me." Life is in a constant rush, at an unnatural pace for you. Control over the situation. Wrong attitude towards the world. Fear of death.	Thyroid gland: diseases.
Suppressing the expression of hostility towards other people due to the desire to be loved; vindictiveness. Self-confidence - in the sense that you are ready to take on too much. As much as you can't stand. There is a direct connection between anxiety, impatience, suspicion and the risk of hypertension. Due to the self-confident desire to take on an unbearable load, to work without rest, the need to meet the expectations of the people around them, to remain significant and respected in their person, and due to this, the repression of one’s deepest feelings and needs. All this creates corresponding internal tension. It is advisable for a hypertensive person to give up the pursuit of the opinions of people around him and learn to live and love people, first of all, in accordance with the deep needs of his own heart. Emotion, not reactively expressed and deeply hidden, gradually destroys the body. Patients with high blood pressure suppress mainly emotions such as anger, hostility and rage. Hypertension can be caused by situations that do not give a person the opportunity to successfully fight for recognition of his own personality by others, excluding a feeling of satisfaction in the process of self-affirmation. A person who is suppressed and ignored develops a feeling of constant dissatisfaction with himself, which finds no way out and forces him to “swallow resentment” every day. Hypertensive patients who are chronically ready to fight have dysfunction of the circulatory system. They suppress free expression of hostility towards other people out of a desire to be loved. Their hostile emotions seethe but have no outlet. In their youth they can be bullies, but as they get older they notice that they push people away with their vindictiveness and begin to suppress their emotions.	Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Suppression of the desire to attack people, control of feelings. The feeling of not being loved. Criticism, resentment. They cannot say “no” and blame others for exploiting them. For such people, it is important to learn to say “no” if necessary. An arthritic is someone who is always ready to attack, but suppresses this desire within himself. There is a significant emotional influence on the muscular expression of feelings, which is extremely controlled. Desire for punishment, self-blame. State of the victim. A person is too strict with himself, does not allow himself to relax, and does not know how to express his desires and needs. The “inner critic” is too well developed.	Arthritis
Loss of communication with the mother, internal crying, suppressed due to the lack of confidential verbal contact with the mother (drinking mother, for example). Inability to breathe for one's own good. Feeling depressed. Holding back sobs. Fear of life. Not wanting to be here. A person with asthma feels like they have no right to breathe on their own. Asthmatic children are, as a rule, children with a highly developed conscience. They take the blame for everything. Asthma occurs when there are suppressed feelings of love in the family, suppressed crying, the child experiences fear of life and does not want to live anymore. Asthmatics express more negative emotions, are more likely to be angry, offended, harbor anger and a thirst for revenge compared to healthy people. Asthma and lung problems are caused by the inability (or unwillingness) to live independently, as well as a lack of living space. Asthma, convulsively holding back air currents entering from the outside world, indicates a fear of frankness, sincerity, of the need to accept what new things bring every day. Gaining trust in people is an important psychological component that promotes recovery. Repressed sexual desires. Wants too much; takes more than he should and gives with great difficulty. He wants to appear stronger than he is and thereby arouse love for himself.	Asthma
Defeatist mood. An overabundance of destructive ideas. The feeling of being overpowered. A disregard for oneself. Sense of anxiety. Acute emotional hunger. Self-directed anger. A person experiences many unrealistic fears associated with the material side of his life. A person is constantly on guard because he senses danger.	Adrenal glands: diseases.
Anger. Resistance to change. Fear, anger, hatred. The liver is the seat of anger, rage, and primitive emotions. Constant complaints, pickiness. Unexpressed anger, sadness and resentment. Anger because of the fear of losing something and the inability to do anything about it.	Liver: diseases.
Criticism, disappointment, failure. A shame. The reaction is like that of a small child. Fear. Kidney problems are caused by condemnation, disappointment, failure in life, and criticism. These people constantly feel like they are being deceived and trampled upon. Pride, the desire to impose one’s will on others, a harsh assessment of people and situations. Neglect of one's own interests, the belief that taking care of oneself is not good. A person may not even understand what is good for him. Places too high expectations on other people. He tends to idealize them and needs someone to play the role of ideal people. Therefore, disappointments are inevitable. Kidney stones. Clots of undissolved anger. He closes his mouth and hides secret anger in his soul.	Kidneys: diseases.
Long-standing emotional problems. Lack of joy. Callousness. Belief in the need for tension and stress. The heart symbolizes love, and the blood symbolizes joy. When we don’t have love and joy in our lives, our heart literally shrinks and becomes cold. As a result, blood begins to flow more slowly and we gradually move towards anemia, vascular sclerosis, and heart attacks (infarction). We sometimes get so entangled in the dramas of life that we create for ourselves that we don’t even notice the joy that surrounds us. The mind's need for rest. The expulsion of all joy from the heart for the sake of money or a career, or something else. The fear of being accused of not loving me is what causes all heart disease. The desire to appear loving, capable, and positive at all costs. Feelings of loneliness and fear. “I have shortcomings. I don't do much. I will never achieve this." A person has forgotten about his own needs in an effort to earn the love of others. The belief that love can be earned. As a consequence of a lack of love and security, as well as emotional isolation. The heart reacts to emotional shocks by changing its rhythm. Heart disorders occur due to inattention to one's own feelings. A person who considers himself unworthy of love, who does not believe in the possibility of love, or who forbids himself to show his love for other people, will certainly encounter manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Finding contact with your true feelings, with the voice of your own heart, greatly eases the burden of heart disease, eventually leading to partial or complete recovery. Ambitious, goal-oriented workaholics have been classified as Type A personality. They are more likely to experience stress and are at increased risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. Inappropriately inflated level of claims. Tendency to excessive intellectualization combined with isolation and emotional impoverishment. Suppressed feelings of anger.	Heart: diseases of the cardiovascular system.
The head is the main center in which our “I” lives. Small children feel this subconsciously: when playing hide and seek, they only hide their heads. Everything else is not that important, everything else is “optional”. The head is “split” from problems, “swelled” from worries, “dizzy” from success and happiness - in general, no matter what happens, the head is the first participant in any event. It is here that “directives” are formed, which are then “descended” to the body. Head: diseases. Jealousy, envy, hatred and resentment. Headache. Underestimating yourself. Self-criticism. Fear. Headaches occur when we feel inferior and humiliated. Forgive yourself and your headache will go away on its own. Headaches often occur from low self-esteem, as well as from low resistance to even minor stress. A person complaining of constant headaches is literally all psychological and physical pressure and tension. The usual state of the nervous system is to always be at the limit of its capabilities. Loss of contact with your true self. The desire to meet the high expectations of others. Trying to avoid any mistakes.	Headaches, migraines, mental disorders.
Eyes - look at everything that happens in the external and internal world. If what is happening is sharply frightening, fear causes the vision to darken or a veil appears (cataracts, glaucoma, weakened vision). Life is beautiful - rose-colored glasses. Life is terrible - everything is black. We are afraid of the future - myopia develops; we don’t like the present - our eyes become farsighted.	Eye diseases
The throat is unspoken phrases, unshed tears. The throat of a person who becomes hysterical and shouts everything wins over the throat, which must constantly be restrained. If we disagree with the speaker, but do not have the opportunity to speak out, a cough, a feeling of hoarseness, or a desire to drink will be a substitute for protest. Inability to stand up for yourself. Swallowed anger. Crisis of creativity. Reluctance to change. Throat problems arise from the feeling that we “don’t have a right” and from a feeling of inadequacy. The throat, in addition, is a part of the body where all our creative energy is concentrated. When we resist change, we often develop throat problems. You need to give yourself the right to do what you want, without blaming yourself and without fear of disturbing others. A sore throat is always an irritation. If he is accompanied by a cold, then, in addition to this, there is also confusion.	Throat: diseases
Our legs literally carry us through life. If there is no big goal ahead, it is quite possible that the legs will refuse to go further under any pretext. By the way, people who constantly wear their feet with their shoes subconsciously want to take a break on the road.	arthritis, arthrosis, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis

Sources-

Tara Bennett Goleman "Alchemy of Emotions"

Alexander Vasyutin “Psychological ginseng or simple, effective and fast techniques for self-regulation of the psyche”,

Ponomorenko V.V. “Practical characterology”,

School of Destiny Management by Gennady Pavlenko (https://www.gennadij.pavlenko.name/),

Franz Alexander "Psychosomatic Medicine"

Baskakov V.Yu. “A textbook on body-oriented psychotherapy.”

Gilchrist Roger "Craniosacral Therapy and the Energy Body"

Alexander Lowen "Therapy that works with the body"

Sandomirsky "Psychosomatics and bodily psychotherapy."

Wilhelm Reich., Norbekov, I.G. Malkina-Pykh. "Diagnostics in psychosomatics."

Table of psychosomatic diseases.

https://www.psyportal.net/676/psihosomatika-zabolevaniy/

https://www.akviloncenter.ru/medicine/psy_ab.htm

Fighting stereotypes

It's no secret that today it is fashionable to fight all kinds of prejudices and stereotypes. This trend is especially pronounced in Western European countries. It is fashionable to refute the basics. It is even more fashionable to choose something exceptional, going beyond the generally accepted rules. This trend manifests itself especially clearly in issues related to morality and ethics. Who knows where all this will lead. It is quite possible that yesterday’s prejudices will turn into the norm, and stereotypes - we are on the threshold of a new milestone in the development of humanity. Clip thinking and clip standards are in themselves a kind of stereotype elevated to absolute dogma.

Constant work on relationships is the key to happy love

You have to work hard at work, but in relationships and love you want to rest your soul. Building psychological strategies, fighting shortcomings, and engaging in re-education is a waste of time. Maintaining a labor-intensive stereotype means wasting your life, but it can be filled with brighter colors and emotions. First, think about your desires, plans, preferences, and then go looking for a suitable candidate for your love. Learn to analyze your choices. This will help you achieve the desired level in a new relationship, making love not a labor-intensive everyday life, but real and sincere happiness.

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Gender stereotypes

Whether to believe stereotypes or not is a personal matter for each person, but what to do if you personally are caught in the middle? Oh, it’s just incredible expanse here! Perhaps the most popular stereotypes in Russia are gender roles, both in the family and in the professional field. They are so stable that more than seventy years of active construction of communism could not erase them from the Slavophile heads. Even worse, the post-war Soviet economy was literally restored from the ashes in just a few years. And all this in conditions of total gender imbalance!

Today, if you are not too lazy, you will find a huge galaxy of fashion trends and orthodox worldviews that designate a woman’s place in the family and society. Yes, these are well-known Islamists, Slavists - Domostroevtsy (Rodnovers like them). This concerns everyday aspects and family relationships. Things are much more interesting with the so-called gender criteria for professional suitability. In this case, both women and men risk being given away. Everyone has probably heard the bearded joke about a cat programmer and a vacancy in a circus. But discrimination against men working in “female” professions is much less common, but it also happens.

By the way, all of the above is happening in a country where 85% of the population grew up in a same-sex family (mother and grandmother, what are you talking about?). It would seem like a reliable vaccination against any stereotypes. But no, the trend of recent years has been collections of bearded boys, speaking with pathos about the role of women in the family, society, business and even art.

A weak woman is a strong woman

Being weak and helpless, innocently batting your eyelashes - this model of behavior lost its meaning ten years ago. The stereotype that a woman should be like this should be put on the top bookshelf. Men are now interested in strong personalities. The ideal image of a modern woman is the quintessence of the desire for self-realization, tenderness, sexuality and intelligence. This is not about feminism or gender equality. A woman who has managed to find her place in the sun, has her own interests, is educated, intellectually rich, knows how to make decisions and manage her life, will always be more interesting than a weak and defenseless woman who can only cook soup and wait for a man from work with a submissive smile and devotion. glance.

Social stereotypes

Unlike others, these stereotypes are the most short-lived and easily suggestible. In fact, this is not a sore of an individual person, but of social communities, between which an individual moves in one way or another throughout his life. What are they, social stereotypes?

Here are the most typical examples:

Rich people's children are mediocre slackers
All old people are grumpy
All rich people are evil and greedy
Modern youth don’t want anything and don’t know how to do anything
Etc.

Professional stereotypes

Stereotypes that are somehow related to a person’s work activity are classified as professional. The most popular among them:

All programmers are puny nerds, always wearing glasses and crooked teeth. And yes, every programmer is simply obliged to have a great understanding not only of mathematics, but also of computer repair.
All accountants are very principled and serious people who can add and multiply three-digit numbers in their heads.
All politicians are corrupt
All entrepreneurs are unscrupulous traders
All military men are tall
All sales people are necessarily super sociable extroverts
All lawyers are meticulous bores who read and follow absolutely all the rules, even technical instructions for household appliances
All artists and poets are unnecessary and unkempt slobs
All writers love to smoke a pipe and talk about lofty matters.

In general, you already understand, continue further yourself.

Originally Russian question

The victim of a stereotype can be either the relay of the misconception or the receiving party, a seemingly uninterested party. It’s funny, but in the vast expanses of our vast homeland there are wandering unique ones - two in one. This often occurs among teenagers who consciously choose a socially correct profession, throwing their natural abilities and abilities into the farthest corner of the darkest ideological closet.

The drama of intrapersonal contradiction is the active imposition of one’s own self-criticism on rigid parental stereotypes. The criteria of success, correctness, relevance - in general, the phenomena are very ambiguous, and then there is external pressure. Absolutely trouble! Indeed, in the modern world, such people sooner or later wash up on their “native” shores, but how much time is wasted!?

Before it’s too late, let’s look for the answer to the notorious classic question. What to do with all this mess? What to do if, among all of the above, you found your portrait or an example from your own life?

Naturally, the very first step is awareness of the problem . The second is the creation of a new model of the world . That model that will become your guiding star, a new map with which you can achieve peace and harmony in your own soul.

And the final, final and, perhaps, the most difficult step is accepting yourself as new, on the still old map of the world . Your brain, psyche, soul and even body will need some time to adapt. A somewhat mechanical formulation, but any process of learning and adoption of innovations has a biological nature. Even in such seemingly rather abstract things. This is by no means a five-minute process. Be patient and the boundaries of your world will become wider