Work of specialists
In all industries, the psychologist faces a difficult task
Firstly, it is important for him to take into account the position of a person in a particular field of work. Secondly, it is necessary not to disturb your subjective psyche
Thus, the specialist spends most of his time studying, and in some cases, taking the working industry as a stakeholder to optimize a group of people (team). Over time, the specialist becomes a participant in the process and an employee of a team, since it is he who puts pressure on the work of a group of people. Therefore, psychologists are in demand in various industrial sectors and organizations.
Large companies hire several psychologists for permanent work. There are cases when additional professional persons are invited to join the main group, for example, during the reorganization of a company. Such a group sets tasks for itself and then carries them out. In such industries, his main task is tactics and efficiency.
But you can often find distrust in leadership positions towards psychological help. Therefore, an applied psychologist faces a serious task and a forced measure to take responsibility for an accurate strategy of issues, establishing a plan and options for subsequent actions, while simultaneously working on the culture of management positions, customers and ordinary workers.
Practical psychology happens a little differently. Special practice is based on working with a ward who completely trusts the specialist. Then the psychologist himself sets certain tasks and a study strategy, followed by intervention in the ward’s problem.
Practical psychology
A special place in the classification of branches of psychology is given to practical psychology - a system of services aimed at providing psychological assistance to the population.
The main goal of this direction is to create psychological and social conditions suitable for a person in all spheres of life. Its structure includes the following areas and services:
- family and social protection;
- health systems;
- education systems;
- management, political activity;
- practical legal psychology and sociology;
- socio-psychological service of the army;
- practical psychology of work and career guidance;
- practical psychology and sociology of economics and business;
- psychology and pedagogy of sports.
Since the tasks of the main branches of psychology often overlap, and the methods of providing assistance often coincide, there are quite close connections between them, which determine a more complete study of the subject of research in certain conditions.
Branches of applied psychology
Applied psychology studies psychological problems characteristic of certain areas of life or professional activity of people. The branches of applied psychology include:
pedagogical psychology;
medical psychology;
psychology of art;
psychology of religion;
family psychology, etc.
Educational psychologyMedical psychologyLegal psychology
Economic psychology studies issues related to economic relations between people. Experts in economic psychology study problems of the market, supply and demand, and the psychology of advertising
An important place in economic psychology is occupied by trade psychology, which studies the psychological problems of interaction between seller and buyer, customer service
Psychology of workPolitical psychologyPsychology of sportsPsychology of art
Psychology of religion is a direction of research into psychological problems of religious consciousness, ideas and feelings of believers, as well as religious traditions, rituals, and cults.
Family psychology
Main branches of psychology and sections
Modern psychology includes several dozen independent branches.
Moreover, new ones appear quite often. This is due to the enormous demand for psychological science in all spheres of human activity. The basis can be called the fundamental branches of modern psychology, which are united by common theoretical principles, concepts and methods. The problems that applied psychology solves are relevant for all scientific fields. The knowledge gained through research is used in specific areas - sports, space and many others. Special branches study individual issues that are of great importance for all science. Practical psychology is aimed at solving the psychological problems of specific clients; its specialists carry out preventive and corrective work.
Scheme of branches of psychology:
Theoretical psychology includes: general psychology, genetic, comparative, differential, history of psychology, mental modeling, psychophysiology, experimental.
Continuous communication
The entire chain of psychological branches has an inextricable connection with each other.
It is this close connection that helps to study methods, experiments, and schemes in more depth. For example, the pedagogical type is based on the study of problems with the upbringing or education of children. Meanwhile, general psychology helps it with its knowledge about the entire principle of development of the human psyche, about the procedural and differential part of science - patterns and options, thanks to which it is possible to identify individual criteria of the psyche and create a method of individual approach. In turn, the age-related type of science helps with knowledge about the principle of development of the mental personality at different stages of age, a way to control the formation, without which it is impossible to build more than one method of teaching or educating the individual. Next, the social type has the necessary knowledge for communication and their characteristics, and as you know, any learning is a process of education through communication and the formation of groups. And with the help of a special scientific branch, students are selected for special educational centers for the subsequent process of training and education. And the science of labor is the main component of pedagogy.
Branches of psychology
Each branch of psychology has its own personal ideas, which include an individual sequence of subjects that compare individual criteria and mental problems.
Developmental psychology includes children's psychology, divided by each age, adolescence, youth, and the sphere of a formed person, elderly and senile age - gerontopsychology.
A special branch of psychology has contracts: pathopsychology, which studies the law of disintegration of mental activity in any disease, oligophrenopsychology - studies the correlation of mental retardation, typhlopsychology - the study of blind people, and deaf psychology, the study of the deaf.
Social psychology includes the study of contact, the relationship between people, groups, and individual qualities of a person (person).
The labor structure has several divisions. In general, it provides a basic field of knowledge in relation to established types of human occupation, such as the branch of engineering that comprehends human, human-machine work activities, the field of aviation, management, and many other professions.
Other areas used in the branches of psychology
From a theoretical point of view, it is permissible to single out any industry, but practice shows that this is not always possible. As a cheat sheet, you can remember a short series of subtypes.
- Space. In this form, they study the readiness for work of the future cosmonaut, how prepared the person is for the future flight. In addition, they establish a number of tips that will help you quickly adapt to work. After the flights, the astronaut undergoes a course of psychological rehabilitation and other important procedures.
- Aviation section – work with pilots, dispatchers, and other aviation employees.
- Industrial and organizational branch of psychology. In some cases, other branches of science are added to the industrial type, for example, the field of management, in other words, private activity.
- The branch of psychology aimed at medicine and pathopsychology. The main action is to build a connection between workers in medicine and psychology, but most often specialists study patients, not their doctors.
- Pedagogy. Criteria and features of teaching children and teaching adults. Consequences of advanced and continuous education. For example, the school section.
- The study of jurisprudence, the legal branch of science. A very serious industry, since it involves the study of rather difficult issues outside the rule of law. The fight against corruption and permissiveness is underway (this also applies to law enforcement agencies).
- Tourism. The science that studies human leisure.
- Sports section of science. Not so long ago, this branch was widely popular, especially after the Olympics in the USSR. Now it is losing its position, but it does not cease to be an industry.
- Scientific research aimed at advertising and mass and impact.
- A type of policy study that has recently gained popularity. Especially during the election period.
- The military industry has a wide sector of activity. This can be the work of a specialist with the military in peacetime or at points of military action. Its goal is the moral preparation of a soldier for different occasions.
Theoretical psychology
Theoretical psychology includes: general psychology, history of psychology, experimental, genetic, social, comparative, differential psychology, psychophysiology, personality psychology, mental modeling.
General psychology
systematizes experimental data obtained in various fields of psychological science, develops fundamental theoretical problems of psychology, formulates basic principles, categories, concepts, patterns, and constitutes the foundation for the development of all branches and sections of scientific psychology.
History of psychology
examines the formation of psychological categories and concepts throughout the existence of scientific psychology, the history of psychological research at different times in different schools, and the prospects for the development of psychology as a science.
Experimental psychology
develops new methods of psychological research to study mental reality.
Genetic psychology
studies the patterns of development of the psyche of animals and humans in phylogenesis (during the biological evolution of all living things and the historical development of the psyche) and in ontogenesis (during the life of an individual person).
Social Psychology
explores mental phenomena in the process of interaction between people in large and small social groups, namely: the influence of mass media on various segments of the population, features of the formation and spread of rumors, tastes, public sentiment, fashion, issues of psychological compatibility, interpersonal relationships, group atmosphere, the role of the leader in the group, the perception of a person by a person, the position of an individual in a group, relationships between family members and the like.
Comparative psychologists
I am a branch of psychology that studies the phylogenetic forms of mental life.
In the field of comparative psychology, the psyche of animals and humans is compared, the specifics and reasons for the similarities and differences in their behavior are established. A branch of comparative psychology is animal psychology
, which studies the psyche of animals belonging to various systematic groups (species, breeds, families), the most important forms and mechanisms of behavior.
Cetaceans (dolphins) are now added to the classical objects of comparative psychology (spiders, ants, bees, birds, dogs, horses, monkeys). The innate mechanisms of animal behavior are the object of special study in a relatively new field of biology and psychology - ethology
.
Differential psychology
explores individual psychological characteristics of the psyche, taking into account the age level of development and mechanisms of functioning of the psyche, the role of the inclinations and abilities of the individual, and the like.
Psychophysiology
studies the physiological mechanisms of the activity of the brain and higher nervous system related to the functioning of the psyche.
Psychology of Personality
studies the mental properties of a person as a holistic entity, as a certain system of mental properties, which has an appropriate structure, internal relationships, which is characterized by individuality and which is interconnected with the surrounding natural and social environment.
Mental simulation
as a section of theoretical psychology uses scientific information about the psyche to form mathematical and cybernetic models of mental functions (perception, thinking, memory, recognition, communication, etc.) and the entire psyche as a whole for the purpose of developing and improving technical systems, testing existing psychological theories using computer modeling (computer experiment).
