A flashback is a memory of a traumatic situation that arises involuntarily, is often repeated and is sometimes intrusive and frightening, provoking a person’s anxious state.
This phenomenon is a type of post-traumatic syndrome.
Such memories have a short duration: from a few seconds to several minutes. A person cannot control their frequency or intensity, so this phenomenon refers to psychopathological disorders.
This phenomenon is otherwise called a flash of the experienced past, which has a delayed nature. This phenomenon does not belong to an independent diagnostic sign; it is considered from several positions.
Some consider it a memory disorder, while other experts note that flashback should be studied as a state of impaired consciousness. Doctors and psychologists have never come to a consensus about this phenomenon.
In addiction medicine, a flashback is the state of a person after taking hallucinogenic recreational drugs. It is characterized by prolonged visual hallucinations.
There is a certain group of people who are susceptible to this condition. In what cases can this phenomenon occur, and what are its causes?
- If the body is severely intoxicated with alcohol or drugs, a person may experience hallucinations. As a result of the use of these substances, neurobiological changes occur that cause the development of addiction.
- A stressful situation that has left an imprint on the human psyche. Not every stress is accompanied by mental disorders. A person individually perceives a traumatic situation, as a result of which post-traumatic syndrome may develop. The cause of this phenomenon may be shock injuries and severe stress. This phenomenon often occurs in people who have fought. Along with constantly emerging images of the past, they feel a sense of guilt for being alive.
- In obsessive-phobic and depressive disorders, this phenomenon often occurs as a component of the clinical picture of the disease.
Symptoms
It is characterized by involuntarily arising ideas. The emerging pictures evoke various emotions in a person, and the experiences of the past are transferred to the present. This psychopathological phenomenon is constantly repeated, and a delay in experiences is possible. Among the main signs of this phenomenon are:
- Uncontrollability of the appearance of flashes of the past - a person cannot control the appearance of images; they arise without any volitional effort on the part of the patient, contrary to his wishes. But the appearance of images can be provoked by starting to fantasize. A person in his fantasies can lose his volition and allow the emergence of images of a traumatic situation he experienced.
- Sensuality of experiences (sensorialization). In the process of thinking and experiencing emerging pictures of the past, a person can perceive them quite literally. A high degree of realism is achieved through sensory processing of images in thinking down to the smallest detail. For example, a veteran may remember what color buttons were on his shirt at the time of the explosion, and so on.
- Affectively rich feelings of experiencing the situation and images. When images of a psychotraumatic situation arise, a person cannot remain indifferent, his emotional state changes. He becomes vulnerable, anxious, fear appears, sometimes panic, insomnia sets in, and a conversation with himself is possible. The appearance of a person reveals the emotional richness of his experiences.
- The phenomenon in some cases is accompanied not only by visual or acoustic images (when a person sees or hears what happened in the past), but also possible tactile or olfactory components. The patient may feel the smell that was present during stress, especially if it was intense.
Conclusion
One word cannot describe a flashback. That this concept has more than one meaning and can accommodate different interpretations becomes clear after the above examples. However, one thing is for sure - this term carries with it a connotation of the past. The technique amazingly allows you to tell something that happened in the past, but is important for the present. This word is used to describe festivals, paintings, groups, games and books. Such widespread use is fully consistent with the originality of the technique, without which it is now difficult to imagine modern cinema.
Psychotherapy
The described phenomenon prevents a person from objectively perceiving reality. Its difficulty lies in the fact that pictures of the past can appear suddenly and last for quite a long time. Therefore, it is important to work through a traumatic situation so that a person’s perception of it changes. Some effective directions are used for treatment with psychotherapeutic methods.
EMDR - movements of the eyes, hands or listening to sounds in a certain order, rhythmically and for a long time. This type of human work helps the brain return to normal functioning again, processing incoming information, since this process has been suspended due to stress.
Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy - gradually, with certain preparation, the person is presented with situations that are somehow connected or reminiscent of the traumatic situation. Irrational, distorted thoughts in the process of work are replaced by more adaptive ones. A person learns in the process of communicating with a psychologist or psychotherapist how to manage and control obsessive outbursts of the past.
Hypnosuggestive psychotherapy is the use of hypnosis and suggestion. Using hypnotic influence, a specialist studies thoughts and feelings associated with a traumatic situation. Then, with the help of suggestion, one gets rid of feelings of guilt, mistrust, self-flagellation, and depression. A person is oriented towards positive aspects.
The phenomenon of images appearing in a person’s memory of a traumatic situation that happened long ago must be treated with medications and psychotherapeutic methods.
A set of treatment methods will help a person take control of emerging images, change his attitude to a stressful situation and adapt to the conditions around him and the outside world.
FLASHBACK
FLASHBACK
[English] flashback - a look into the past] - 1) in a television film or radio program: insertion of frames from the past, interrupting the narrative in order to return the viewer (listener) to the past; 2) DIGRESSION on the topic of past events, memories.
Dictionary of foreign words. - Komlev N.G.
, 2006. Synonyms
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See what “FLASHBACK” is in other dictionaries:
- - (English flashback) in filmography means a deviation from the narrative into the past; the storyline is interrupted and we see the actions that took place earlier. Most often, the reverse frame explains the actions and actions of the characters in the story,... ... Wikipedia
Noun, number of synonyms: 1 memories (7) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Dictionary of synonyms
flashback
- fl ashback, and ... Russian spelling dictionary
This term has other meanings, see Flashback (meanings). Flashback Flashback Mörderische Ferien ... Wikipedia
F1х.70х Flashback
— Spontaneous short-term relapses of symptoms of acute intoxication in the absence of actual use of a psychoactive substance. Occurs at any stage of dependence on a psychoactive substance... Classification of mental disorders ICD-10. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Research diagnostic criteria
Flashback in filmography means a deviation from the narrative into the past; the storyline is interrupted and we see the actions that took place earlier. Most often, the reverse frame explains the actions and actions of the characters in the story,... ... Wikipedia
— (Spanish marijuana) a psychoactive drug obtained from a variety of cannabis, which contains the largest amount of psychoactive substances (cannabinoids). There are approximately 60 cannabinoids in nature, the most effective of... ... Wikipedia
Marijuana is a psychoactive substance obtained from the variety of cannabis that contains the largest amount of psychoactive substances (cannabinoids). There are approximately 60 cannabinoids in nature, the most effective of which is delta 9... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Flashback, London K. Kate London is a famous American writer, the author of more than forty-five books, repeatedly awarded the title of “national bestseller.” After the death of her sister Rachel, Everly returns...
Still from the movie “Her” (Spike Jonze, 2013)
A flashback is a compositional technique that disrupts the linear chronology of the narrative by flashback. In other words, this is a plot-driven look into the past. In most cases, a flashback is a prehistory of certain events and most often represents a character’s memory, story or dream.
How are things going with the main thing – games?
Playing Assasins Creed Valhala on an Epson EH-TW750 projector.
If the game is optimized for Series X, then everything is just fine. The presence of optimization for NextGen can be easily determined by the corresponding logos in the Microsoft Store and on the packaging of physical discs.
The two most important improvements that the Series X already provides are loading speed and frame rate in already familiar or newly released games. For the first moment, the presence of optimization is secondary, but for the second it is almost always mandatory.
Loading speed is on average 2 times faster. Sometimes 3-4 times. This is all thanks to the fast NVMe drive, as well as the new data packaging format - Xbox Velocity Architecture. The latter provides the most significant acceleration, but requires targeted support for the feature from the developer.
If you have a previous generation Xbox or PlayStation, then you know how long you have to wait for downloads for most games. 30, 40 seconds, sometimes several minutes - this is the norm for regular HDDs. So, you can take any of the familiar games on old consoles and confidently divide absolutely all the downloads in it into at least two:
▪️ Control: was 42 seconds, now 11 seconds ▪️ Destiny 2: was 78 seconds, now 40 seconds ▪️ Warframe: was 90 seconds, now 25 seconds ▪️ Gears 5: was 60 seconds, now 12 seconds ▪️ Fallout 4: was 40 seconds, became 9 seconds
Loading acceleration also applies to very old games, including those created for the Xbox 360. And it is most noticeable in single-player games. But even online, the difference is significant.
Gamers among the owners of upgraded PCs or modern Macs are not used to this, but for the world of consoles this is a very big leap forward. In the same Destiny, I managed to get a lot of things done while the next location was loading. On Series X, where the game has not yet been fully updated (the patch is today, December 8), I rarely have time to leave my chair before I hear the sound of a successful transmat.
The graphics are much better now. In non-optimized games where the frame rate is capped at 30, you are guaranteed 100% compliance with this limit. For example, in Just Cause 3. And if there is no limit, then you get 60 frames - let's say, like in Hitman. The resolution is also increased to maximum in those titles where it was floating depending on the performance of the console.
But the real next-gen is much more interesting: titles that were originally designed for new consoles or have already received the appropriate patch.
The first thing I ever launched on the new Xbox was the once reviled, but risen from the ashes, No Man's Sky . It's currently available for free to Game Pass subscribers.
Originally released for the PlayStation 4, this procedural space survival game has evolved from an ugly duckling of the gaming industry into a unique success story. I left it in it for over 100 hours and didn’t regret a second. But I played on a PC with lower than average configurations by the standards of 2020, where the high demands on the processor and drive speed made itself felt with lags and slowdowns.
After the release of a patch for new consoles, the game has changed many times and looks better on the Series X than on my PC . Loading of planets, fauna and flora, NPCs at stations is now instant. There are practically no microfreezes, common for NMS, even on my “thick” save with dozens of planetary bases (which, by the way, was picked up directly from the PC). Apparently, NMS on Series X uses the highest possible graphics settings, which is why planets up close now look absolutely teeming with life. All this runs at an honest 60 frames per second.
Then I installed and spent about 30 hours on Assassin's Creed: Valhalla (our review). It supported new consoles from the start. The quality of the textures and effects at a resolution of around 1440p, the high detail of the characters' faces and (with rare exceptions) a stable 60 frames per second had me clicking screenshots almost every minute, so beautiful were many of the landscapes. You get the feeling that you’re not playing on a console at all, but on a souped-up PC. The graphics are really gorgeous.
But Ubisoft would not be Ubisoft if the game itself turned out to be controversial both from the technical and gameplay sides. Okay, clumsy combat system! But I have never seen so many crashes in any console game.
After the most recent patch, I can’t play at all for more than half an hour before it kicks me to the desktop. The problem is multi-platform and does not depend on the Xbox itself, so I put it aside and wait for further updates.
