Professional and personal deformations. The concept of professional personality deformations. Methods for the prevention and correction of occupational deformities

Greetings, friends!

Working in a certain field, every year we accumulate experience, improve professional skills, expand the scope of knowledge and bring typical actions to automation. Of course, this is a positive process, since a person develops, improves his level and becomes one of the best specialists in his field. But in parallel with this there is another process that is no longer perceived so positively.

This is a professional deformation (or simply “professional deformation”) - tangible changes in the psyche, dictated by the characteristics of work activity. A person’s character traits change, perceptions and behavior change, and the manner of communication associated with the position becomes the norm even within the family. Today we will figure out what professional deformation is, how it manifests itself, why it occurs and how to avoid it.

What is professional deformation?

Occupational deformation is the transfer of professional habits into everyday and personal life. The full name of this phenomenon is professional personality deformation or PPD. It affects all aspects of a person’s life: character, behavior, perception of the surrounding reality, value guidelines, manner of communication with relatives and friends.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the methods of information analysis used in work and stable sequences of actions gradually turn into patterns of perception and behavior that inevitably manifest themselves in all spheres of life. Typically, professional deformation is most pronounced in such personality characteristics as:

• perception of surrounding reality;
• perception of people (including loved ones and relatives);
• character traits;
• communication style, sense of humor;
• life priorities;
• behavioral patterns.

A person gets used to the rules of behavior at work, the peculiarities of decision-making and the style of interaction with colleagues. At first, he keeps these habits within the framework of work activities, but over time, some of them migrate into everyday life.

The term “professional deformation” was proposed by Pitirim Sorokin, a Russian sociologist and cultural scientist who emigrated to the United States after the October Revolution and taught at Harvard University. Sorokin considered professional deformation to be a negative phenomenon that negatively affects a person’s personal life and work activity.

Examples of professional deformation

To better understand what professional deformation is, let's look at specific examples from real life. Perhaps in some of the descriptions you recognize yourself or someone you know.

1. Teacher.
   This profession makes people picky about other people's mistakes and flaws. They closely monitor the behavior of loved ones, friends and acquaintances. Sometimes they even grade them.
2. Doctor.
   Health workers unwittingly assess the health status of the people they interact with and quite often find diseases that match their profile. Medical etiquette prohibits them from speaking out on this issue, but they still cannot get rid of this habit.
3. Designer.
   Since professional etiquette does not prohibit designers from giving unsolicited advice, they love to speak out about everything they see. At the same time, they freely cross the border of their niche. For example, a web designer can give advice on landscape design or apartment interior design.
4. Stylist.
   It can be difficult for representatives of this profession to walk down the street without feeling stressed by someone’s absolutely tasteless “look.” They involuntarily notice the slightest flaws in someone else’s style, and cannot “turn off” this skill.
5. Webmaster.
   Almost every person visits dozens of different web resources every day, including those that create websites themselves. And when visiting someone else’s resource, the webmaster critically evaluates the interface elements and thinks: “I could do this better! But here it’s just different.”

What are the disadvantages of deformation?

People who, due to their profession, develop only certain skills lose the ability to be flexible in relationships. They know how to build them only according to one principle, but simply don’t know how to do it differently (or forget). By the way, this feature explains a large number of office romances. Two doctors will always understand each other better than a doctor and an artist.

In work, people with professional deformation also sooner or later lose their positions. They can be true masters of their craft, but, as a rule, they have a narrow specialization. For example, a deformed IT specialist can hone his skills in working with a couple of programs for many years. After some time, when these programs become outdated, the programmer himself will be out of work.

Causes of professional deformation

Each employee perceives his work and job responsibilities in his own way, so professional deformation manifests itself differently for everyone, and for many it does not occur at all. The likelihood of occupational deformation increases in the presence of factors such as:

1. Increased load.
   If the working day lasts too long, a person goes to work on weekends or takes work home, this negatively affects his psychological health and leads to occupational deformation.
2. Lack of adequate load.
   The opposite situation can provoke the same effect, since an underworked person is constantly thinking about how to improve his work efficiency.
3. High demands and high expectations.
   If the boss demands too much from the employee, he is also constantly immersed in thoughts about work. Your own high expectations for yourself lead to the same effect.
4. Specificity of activity.
   In an effort to better understand what professional deformation is and why it occurs, researchers discovered an interesting feature: the more specific the profession, the more pronounced the professional deformation of the individual.
5. Excessive enthusiasm.
   Sometimes a person likes his job so much that he devotes a significant part of his working time to it, thinking about current tasks at dinner and while walking the dog. This approach often leads not only to professional deformation, but also to emotional burnout, which comes completely unexpectedly.
6. Lack of motivation.
   This may be a consequence of poor working conditions or a poor choice of profession. Routine work without motivation leads to neuroses and makes the psyche vulnerable to various disorders, including occupational deformation.
7. Same type of work.
   If you perform a large amount of the same work, programmed chains of actions are formed, which then manifest themselves in everyday life.

Who is “deformed” more often?

It is believed that those whose work involves people are the least protected from professional deformation. For example, surgeons’ emotionality decreases and their attitude towards life and death changes. There is a lot of authority in the behavior of school teachers, and a journalist will often view any event (even a tragic one) as an information opportunity, for which he may be branded a cynic. Managers involved in sales are good at ignoring feedback and the opponent’s reaction - this helps them sell the unsaleable.

“In my opinion, professional deformation in this case is inevitable,” says Maria Liberman. “It simply helps people do their job well. It's no secret that if a teacher, for example, is pliable, children will simply sit on his neck. But he has to manage several dozen schoolchildren! In this case, some rigidity in behavior is quite appropriate.”

The risk group may include people who have been working in one place for years, do not move up the career ladder, and do not take advanced training courses. “In Soviet times, there were much more professionally deformed people,” says Andrei Padalkov. “ Nowadays, it’s rare for anyone to sit in one place for 10-20 years. This gives you the opportunity to try yourself in different areas of activity that are close to your profession.”

Prevention and overcoming occupational deformation

The good news is that occupational strain is a completely solvable problem. It can be prevented with simple preventive exercises. And even if it has already proven itself to the fullest, these same exercises will allow you to overcome it. Let's take a closer look at them.

1. Development of self-criticism.
   It is important to correctly assess your capabilities, promptly notice your own mistakes and respond adequately to them. Healthy self-criticism allows you to better control your behavior in different situations, avoiding professional deformation.
2. Maintaining a daily routine.
   If you tend to work while chewing a sandwich, or drink coffee without looking up from the monitor, these are serious prerequisites for professional deformation. It is important to follow a daily routine and clearly separate all activities by time.
3. Diversity of life experiences.
   The more new and unusual emotions a person experiences, the more passionate he is about some activity not related to work, and the less his psyche is susceptible to occupational deformation.
4. Healthy lifestyle.
   The main thing is to protect the nervous system. A good 7-hour sleep, proper nutrition and lack of stress help with this. Read more about how to lead a healthy lifestyle in this article.
5. Leisure.
   The best type of vacation is the one that brings maximum emotions and vivid impressions. Therefore, a hiking trip refreshes your thoughts much more effectively than relaxing on the beach.
6. Stepping out of your comfort zone.
   Staying in the comfort zone, any person slowly degrades, even if it seems to him that everything is fine with him. If you constantly try something new, you can significantly expand the boundaries of your perception and even get rid of already manifested professional deformation. Read this article about how to get out of your comfort zone.
7. Non-standard projects.
   If your job allows it, take part in non-standard projects. If not, you can find a side project, create one yourself, or take part in volunteer activities.
8. Hobby.
   It is desirable that the hobby does not intersect with work in any way, and at the same time be as interesting and addictive as possible.
9. New acquaintances.
   Dating is not only about emotions, but also about expanding your worldview. When communicating with new people, we involuntarily realize that there is a huge world beyond our professional interests.
10. Getting rid of negative emotions.
    As noted above, prolonged stress makes the psyche vulnerable to various disorders, including occupational deformation.

Prevention of professional deformation should be aimed primarily at diversifying activities, interests and emotions. In addition, the more clearly a person separates the different areas of his life, the better protected he is from this problem.

Psychological features of the personality structure of a judge influencing his professional activity

This article outlines the essence and structure of the theoretical concept of personality, both in general psychology and in legal psychology, its analysis, assessment of the real state, content and essence, general requirements and indicators.

The article reveals and analyzes the patterns of psychology of a judge’s personality in relation to the field of legal regulation of her activities, and examines the characteristics of those mental processes through which a judge solves theoretical and practical problems in his activities.

The statement of the research is that the judge solves a wide range of problems related to the implementation of law enforcement functions on behalf of the state; he ensures the protection of social guarantees and the rights of citizens and society as a whole. This places high demands not only on professional knowledge and skills, but also on the personality of the judge as a whole.

The relevance of the study is due to the theoretical and practical significance of the analysis of the assessment of the real state, content and essence, general requirements and indications for the personality of a judge in a modern rule-of-law state.

The purpose of the study is to study and analyze this topic, which allows us to determine the advantages and disadvantages of a judge’s personality, directions, methods and ways of improving its development, in particular to identify the danger of the so-called professional deformation, as well as to select candidates for the position of judge.

When writing this work, we used a variety of literature. These include regulatory legal acts, teaching aids, and practical manuals. Among all the teaching aids studied, we can highlight “Legal Psychology” by V. L. Vasiliev, in which he outlined a brief legal professional profile of a judge, which we took as the basis for studying the personality of the judge.

The profession of a judge is one of the most difficult legal professions. His activity embodies a significant number of special qualities and skills of the individual, which, when brought into the system, organically enter into the structure of the judge’s personality and determine his creative potential and individual style of activity. The work of a judge is extremely complex and diverse, but at the same time, its components are relatively stable and are fundamentally manifested in each criminal and civil case under consideration. This systematic activity helps the process of education, nurturing in a judge such mental qualities that are most consistent with the functions he performs. As rightly noted by V.A. Terekhin, “of course, the defining and most visible link in a single chain of procedural independence of justice, as well as the independence of courts and the judiciary in their procedural manifestation is the key figure of the judge.” The founder of judicial ethics, A.F. Koni, hoped that “the center of gravity of the doctrine of legal proceedings will shift from the course of the trial to the ethical and social-legal activity of the judge in all its ramifications.” A.F. Koni always assigned a central place in judicial ethics and judicial activity to the personality of the judge. A judge is a person with his own merits and demerits. Also L.E. Vladimirov pointed out that “human justice is capable of making mistakes.” Often, the success of a judicial investigation is determined largely not by the erudition of the presiding officer, but by his compliance with moral precepts. We agree that a judge must constantly maintain self-control at the proper level over his emotional state, mood, behavior, especially in the process of communicating with people around him, participants in the process, and work colleagues. Nothing, including his personal qualities, should cause citizens to doubt his impartiality, objectivity and fairness in the administration of justice. The judge, according to A.F. Koni, must strain all his mental strength to find the truth in the case; when passing a sentence, he should not be captivated by a “fleeting opinion inspired by a gust of feeling or a biased view,” he does not have the right to decide cases according to the principle : “I want it that way.” His motto should be: “I can’t do otherwise.”

Let us consider the personality of a judge as the personality of a person who has certain qualities or properties that, one way or another, are reflected in his activities as a professional, in his professional field, official and non-official professional behavior. Initially, personality is a concept developed to reflect the social nature of a person, consider him as a subject of sociocultural life, define him as a bearer of an individual principle, self-revealing in the context of social relations, communication and objective activity. Personality can be understood either as a human individual as a subject of relationships and conscious activity (“person” in the broad sense of the word), or as a stable system of socially significant traits that characterize the individual as a member of a particular society or community. Although these two concepts - face as the integrity of a person (Latin persona) and personality as his social and psychological appearance (Latin personalitas) - are terminologically quite distinguishable, they are sometimes used as synonyms. Psychologists of the existential direction K. Jung, A.N. Leontyev, N.I. Kozlov considered personality in the narrowest sense, as a cultural subject, self (personality is a person who builds and controls his own life, a person as a responsible subject of will). W. James, an American philosopher and psychologist, viewed personality as “awareness of oneself and one’s personal existence.” B.G. Ananyev gave a definition of personality as a “conscious individual”, i.e. a person capable of conscious organization and self-regulation of his activities based on the assimilation of social norms of morality and legal behavior. Legal psychology regards a person as a person with his own views and beliefs, demonstrating his unique integrity, individuality, unity of socio-psychological qualities (manifested in interpersonal, social relationships), consciously participating in a particular activity, understanding his actions and being able to manage them. In legal psychology, a person is considered both at the individual level (identification of a system of properties and qualities correlated with his profession, which influence it both positively and negatively, both weakly and strongly); as a portrait of a professional group (a description of a real-life system of personality properties and qualities that creates a professional portrait and a professional social type); as a social type (analysis of usefulness, effectiveness, real and imaginary, ethical, regulatory requirements of society for the individual). It should be noted that constant discussion of the problems of a judge’s personality will allow society to improve his professional activities, embodying its reasonable interests. An analysis of the personality structure (a set of unchanging and stable properties that are manifested by individuals in a wide variety of situations) should ensure the study and assessment of the judge’s personality at all three levels. Suitable for this is the approach developed in the literature, according to which the internal structure of the personality should be understood as properties integrated in her mind:

1. mental elements of reflection of the external objective conditions of a person’s life (needs-determined interests, motives, goals, will);

2. mental properties of the individual (abilities, character);

3. “ideological” properties of consciousness (attitudes, orientation, value-normative orientation);

4. biologically determined characteristics (temperament, instincts, etc.).

On this basis, the following groups of properties :

1. worldview, which includes attitudes to generally accepted social values, primarily the individual, his fundamental rights and freedoms; legal consciousness, including attitude to law, law, state; ethical and moral standards, including mercy, compassion, empathy, a sense of fidelity, honor, self-dignity;

2. intellectual-mental, which includes general professional knowledge, the ability to solve mental problems, both standard and non-standard, the ability to learn, observation, the ability to concentrate on the subject of knowledge, perceive information in the process of communication, etc.;

3. psychological, which include the development of the volitional principle, the ratio of conformity and nonconformity, psychological sensitivity (empathy), truthfulness, communication, self-esteem, patience, a certain degree of courage (as a willingness to resist real and imaginary threats), etc.;

4. physical properties, i.e. age, health status, fatigue, some individual physical properties (vision, mobility, etc.);

Structurally, this characteristic can be changed. But most importantly, when analyzing the properties of a judge’s personality, it is necessary to assess the real state, content and essence of these properties, as well as an assessment of the structure of professional activity that influences the structure of the personality (Table 2). In the cognitive (cognitive - prognostic) sphere, in which a special role is played by such qualities of thinking as analyticity, criticality, logic, the ability to compare, generalize, classify data, highlight the main and most significant; among the properties of memory, a special role is played by efficiency in processing information, selection of valuable information and its transfer to long-term memory, accurate and complete knowledge of legislation and procedural norms of legal activity; Particularly important for a judge are such properties of attention as stability when studying and compiling documentation important for the court, concentration of attention, distribution and switching of attention in complex and dynamic situations of the trial; among the properties of perception, the most important are objectivity, observation, the ability to determine their state, sincerity of behavior or superficial emotionality, camouflage by facial expressions and pantomimes of persons participating in the court; speech must be distinguished by high culture, conciseness, clarity, intelligibility, and rigor in the formulation of judgments; imagination must combine reproductive and creative functions, as well as forecasting (anticipation) functions, i.e. the ability to foresee in concrete terms the results of planned court hearings and the consequences of court decisions, which allows the judge to avoid primitive and unprofessional actions using the “trial and error” method.

In the communicative sphere of a judge’s activity, through which he implements the socio-psychological aspects of his activity, one can highlight such properties as the ability to transmit and receive verbal information. Among the interactive properties, extroversion should be highlighted, i.e. direction of actions outward, towards other people, sociability, adequate use of facial expressions and pantomimes. As emphasized by I.I. Aminov, “...one of the most important indicators of a judge’s psychological competence (possession of a certain competence, that is, knowledge and experience of one’s own activities, allowing one to make objective judgments and make accurate decisions) is the ability to listen to other participants in the trial; the judge’s manifestation of this communicative quality is one of the most important social and psychological conditions for an impartial, objective, correct and fair resolution of the criminal case under consideration.”

In the regulatory sphere of activity of a judge, emotional restraint should be highlighted, as well as the following volitional qualities: integrity, leadership, perseverance, self-control, discipline, criticality, sense of reality.

S.S. Alekseev and V.F. Yakovlev, etc. modeled the desired state of personality of a lawyer, therefore, judges, general requirements and indicators of the lawyer model and specific (specialized) ones, which relate to certain types of legal work, legal specialties.

The main general indicators , in their opinion, were:

1.political maturity, adherence to principles, correct understanding of one’s social and state duty;

2.high general culture, comprehensive spiritual and intellectual development;

3.high and “specialized” moral level - subordination of a lawyer’s activities to a number of ethical standards (such as honesty, respect for people, attention to them, etc.);

4.proper general legal culture, developed legal thinking;

5. deep knowledge of legislation and the practice of its application;

6.general legal practical skills - “skills” (skills in researching facts, finding and interpreting regulations, drafting legal documents, oral presentations on legal issues, etc.);

7.general communication and organizational qualities, skills in working with people, knowledge of human psychology;

8.research skills;

9. qualities of a public figure, in particular public speaking skills.

In the psychological literature, it was proposed to develop a psychogram for a judge, i.e. characteristics of those mental processes through which he solves theoretical and practical problems in his activities, then to particularly important professional properties. In relation to the activities of a judge, V.L. Vasiliev identifies the following aspects :

1. social (educates a significant number of people, high responsibility for their activities, impartiality, etc.);

2. reconstructive (general and special intelligence, memory, imagination, analytical thinking, judge’s intuition, etc.);

3.communicative (sensitivity, emotional stability, ability to listen and talk, etc.);

4.organizational (will, composure, determination, perseverance, etc.);

5.certificate (general and special culture of written speech, skills in drawing up written documents, etc.).

Social side. The judge is tasked not only with correctly, in accordance with the law, considering and resolving a criminal or civil case, but also with making maximum use of judicial processes, judicial practice and materials to prevent criminal manifestations and other violations of the law. For these purposes, he conducts public trials at the place of work or residence of those who contributed to offenses, participates in the promotion of laws among the population, and carries out other preventive work. This also characterizes the professional orientation of the judge’s personality, expressed, in particular, in the constant increase in the level of knowledge and improvement of professional skills, in the desire for the triumph of justice, in establishing the truth, in self-esteem, professional pride, etc.

Each judge implements the ideas contained in the legislation. At the same time he educates a significant number of people. An experienced judge is distinguished by high responsibility for his activities and for decisions made, and integrity. The judge is constantly in the center of attention of all participants in the trial. All his comments and even gestures are subject to constant monitoring and evaluation by those present, so an experienced judge is distinguished by impartiality and restraint.

The reconstructive side is the current and final analysis of all information collected on the case, the final goal of which is to render a fair verdict or decision in accordance with current legislation. In reconstructive activity, general and special intelligence, memory, imagination, analytical and synthetic thinking, and a judge’s intuition are realized.

The judge’s thinking must be objective, comprehensive, specific and certain. Intuition and imagination are involved only in assessing information in the initial stages of researching evidence.

The communicative side is manifested in communicating with people during the trial. This communication takes place within the framework of legal and procedural regulation, and the judge is the main organizer of communication. At the same time, such personal qualities of a judge as emotional stability, ability to listen and talk, etc. are realized.

A good emotional mood , which is created in the courtroom by the efforts of the presiding officer and contributes to a fair consideration of the criminal case on its merits, is very important. The increased nervousness that occurs during criminal proceedings and the inability of some judges to relieve nervous tension reduce the quality of the judicial process and can lead to serious errors. The communicative side of the activity is also implemented in judicial interrogations, and the success of the interrogation largely depends on the consistency of interrogation techniques with the individual characteristics of the person being interrogated.

In order to force a person to be frank in a courtroom, to relieve confusion, awkwardness, and irritability, great tact, sensitivity, culture, and deep knowledge of personality psychology are required.

Organizational activity consists in the fact that the judge directs the course of the trial within the framework of procedural legislation. As research has shown, two aspects should be highlighted in this activity: the organization of the judge and the way he manages all persons involved in the judicial process. At the same time, such personal qualities of a judge as will, concentration, determination, and perseverance are realized. There are features in the organizational activity of a judge that distinguish it from leadership activity in the generally accepted sense: the participants in the process are not subordinate to the judge, his leadership is limited by the framework of the procedural code and, as a rule, is of a public nature. Many of the interviewed judicial workers emphasized the importance of psychological compatibility of the participants in the process (court staff, secretariat, lawyers, public prosecutor, experts, etc.) and assigned the main role to the judge in solving this problem.

Certification activity completes the judge’s professional record and represents the reduction of all information obtained during the process into special forms provided for by law: protocol, sentence, determination, etc. This activity implements the general and special culture of the judge’s office work, his professional skills in drawing up written documents.

For our research, it is important to establish personal qualities that maximally reinforce professionally important qualities. We have identified the personal qualities of a judge necessary to carry out his activities (Table 1):

1. intellectual qualities are personality qualities that predetermine the functioning of the intellect, that is, the individual’s abilities to process information of different quality and consciously evaluate it, and are also the result of both education, training and certain biological prerequisites;

2. moral and ethical (moral) qualities - the totality of everything that characterizes a conscious personality. These are internal personal values ​​that have external expression. In other words, the expression of the inner “I” through manners and behavior. Moral qualities are something important by which people around us evaluate us;

3. volitional qualities - features of volitional regulation that have become personality traits and manifest themselves in specific specific situations determined by the nature of the difficulty being overcome;

4. communicative qualities - the ability to navigate in various communication situations, based on the knowledge, skills, sensory and social experience of the individual in the field of interpersonal interaction.

Table 1

Personal qualities of a judge necessary to carry out his activities

Analysis of the structure of a judge’s professional activity allowed us to identify professionally important personalities of a judge corresponding to each component of the structure (Table 2):

table 2

Professionally important personality traits of a judge

Conclusion. The work of a judge is of a highly intellectual and creative nature, therefore, in parallel with the performance of his official functions in court, a judge must systematically improve his professional level and professional skills. A judge should not limit himself only to the immediate legal proceedings. He must maintain connections with public and educational organizations in order to develop legal knowledge among the population, involve the public in the fight against crime, and provide justice. The judge must receive information about the results of the behavior and education of persons sentenced to imprisonment. Also, judicial activity cannot take place without emotions. You cannot demand that a judge be dispassionate. He seeks the truth, and, as V.I. Lenin pointed out, “without “human emotions” there has never been, is not and cannot be a human search for truth.” Emotions guide the process of establishing the truth and help in the search for the right solution. But we must keep in mind that the judge’s emotions when perceiving certain facts are always in the center of attention of all those present in the room, who can draw a variety of conclusions as a result of the judge’s external manifestation of his internal emotional state. It is necessary that the judge, being internally emotional when perceiving facts, when communicating, and in his external behavior, always remains impartial. Only such behavior of the judge will ensure both the process of learning the truth and the educational impact of the trial. Constant control of one’s behavior, one’s emotions, and their expression is an integral feature of a judge’s activity. V.F. Yakovlev believed that “at least four qualities must be present and combined in this person - a judge: general culture, high professionalism, independence from all kinds of external factors and influences, as well as his complete impartiality in each specific case.” The importance of the moral qualities of a judge as a prerequisite for fair and impartial justice is indisputable. To adequately assess the actions of others, the judge himself must be a person of high moral principles. High moral (ethical) qualities necessary for a judge are formed and maintained in the process of everyday life with its complexities and contradictions. Practical activity itself, associated with solving moral problems, contributes primarily to the moral development of the individual. In addition, the personality is formed under the influence of ethical education, during which a person receives a certain amount of knowledge that guides the observance of moral standards. The authority of the educator, the authority of the leader, the highly qualified professional, and their patterns of behavior serve moral education. Moral self-education as a conscious, purposeful activity aimed at developing high moral qualities and overcoming shortcomings in one’s own moral sphere is extremely necessary for a judge. The problem, however, is that there is no way to a priori determine such personal qualities as honesty, integrity, integrity, etc. It is impossible not to take into account the fact that the meaningful disclosure of these properties is historically variable, and also depends on the ideological attitudes of both their bearer and the evaluator. The same properties that are considered to be paramount for a judge - independence from any influence, impartiality, fairness - can only be assumed. This situation is quite natural. In all those cases where it is fundamentally or practically impossible to establish any circumstances, various kinds of assumptions arise, both officially recorded and existing at the level of common sense. All further activities of the bearer of judicial power are carried out in difficult moral and psychological conditions, in the sphere of conflicts of different levels and nature. Here there is a danger of so-called professional deformation, as a result of which the judge ceases to see in those with whom he deals in the performance of his duties, people with their specific destinies, grief and concerns, becomes callous spiritually and loses his sense of humanity.

Analysis of the personality traits and qualities that a judge must possess is the subject of an independent science. Most personal qualities in this profession are acquired and are formed by living conditions, upbringing, and training. Here it is only appropriate to note that the personality of each person, including a figure of justice, is an alloy of moral, psychological and other human qualities. At the same time, it is important that they are positive and implemented in practical activities. To become a judge, you must have a certain amount of knowledge, legal skills and positive moral and intellectual-volitional qualities.

Bibliography